Extract: This report concerns two patients with primary renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in whom the abnormality in hydrogen excretion was shown to result from inappropriate urinary loss of bicarbonate ...

This is the solution to a case we presented recently. You may review the case here. The patient had complained of dyspnea, and an abnormal electrolyte panel revealed a decreased bicarbonate level of ...

The most common causes of metabolic alkalosis are vomiting and diuretic use. Urine chloride levels are usually low among patients with vomiting and among those using diuretics, but may be high if the ...

The kidneys play a central role in maintaining systemic acid–base homeostasis by finely regulating the reabsorption of bicarbonate and the secretion of protons along the renal tubules. Central to this ...

STUDIES of acid–base physiology in recent years have defined many factors that influence the pH of the body fluids. A key step contributing to this progress has been the long delayed acceptance by ...

The different classes of diuretics have different mechanisms of action but the overall aim of diuretic therapy is to increase the amount of water excreted in the urine. Some of the mechanisms of the ...