Jonesburg is a city in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States. The population was 726 at the 2020 census. Jonesburg was platted in 18…Jonesburg is a city in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States. The population was 726 at the 2020 census. Jonesburg was platted in 1858 and named in honor of James Jones, a pioneer citizen. A post office called "Jonesburgh" was established in 1868, and the name was changed to Jonesburg in 1893.